Every general surgical pathology practice routinely receives gallbladder specimens, yet many pathologists lack sufficient expertise in gallbladder pathology to feel comfortable when confronted with unusual patterns of inflammation such as vasculitis, parasitic infestation, and immune-mediated conditions. Gallbladder neoplasms are uncommon and often discovered at the time of histologic examination, provoking angst among surgeons and pathologists who infrequently encounter such cases and may not be aware of updated terminology and staging issues. Widespread use of cross-sectional imaging in the evaluation of patients with abdominal symptoms has led to increased numbers of incidentally discovered pancreaticobiliary lesions. Many of these are initially evaluated with fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) or limited tissue biopsy samples. As a result, pathologists are often faced with cytology, biopsy and resection specimens that feature disorders relatively uncommon to their practices. They may be required to deal with such specimens under pressure, such as in the frozen section laboratory where immunohistochemical stains and other ancillary tools are not available. This course is intended to provide learners with practical information and diagnostic pearls that may aid them in their day-to-day practices.